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Early in 2003 France's first national energy debate was announced, in response to a "strong demand from the French people", 70% of whom had identified themselves as being poorly informed on energy questions. A poll had shown that 67% of people thought that environmental protection was the single most important energy policy goal. However, 58% thought that nuclear power caused climate change while only 46% thought that coal burning did so. The debate was to prepare the way for defining the energy mix for the next 30 years in the context of sustainable development at a European and at a global level.
In 2005 a law established guidelines for energy policy and security. The role of nuclear power is central to this, along with specific decisions concerning the European Pressurised Water Reactor (EPR), notably to build an initial unit so as to be able to decide by 2015 on building a series of about 40 of them. It also set out research policy for developing innovative energy technologies consistent with reducing carbon dioxide emissions and it defined the role of renewable energies in the production of electricity, in thermal uses and transport.
Early in 2008 a Presidential decree established a top-level Nuclear Policy Council (Conseil Politique Nucleaire - CPN), underlining the importance of nuclear technologies to France in terms of economic strength, notably power supply. It is chaired by the President and includes prime minister as well as cabinet secretaries in charge of energy, foreign affairs, economy, industry, foreign trade, research and finance. The head of the Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), the secretary general of national defence and the military chief of staff are on the council.
In February 2011 the CPN addressed the rivalry between Areva (over 90% government-owned) and Electricité de France (EdF, 85% government-owned). This is presumed to have been a factor in losing an important Middle Eastern nuclear power plant contract 14 months earlier. Areva is the world's largest nuclear company, EdF is the largest nuclear electric utility, and set to build new Areva EPR plants in France, UK, China and possibly USA.
The Council directed Areva and EdF to put in place a technical and commercial agreement by mid-year for a strategic partnership to improve the design for the European Pressurized Reactor (EPR) and work together more closely on several fronts domestically. This agreement was signed in July 2011, covering optimization of Areva's 1,650-MW EPR design that EdF is building at Flamanville-3, improving maintenance and operation of EdF's reactor fleet, and nuclear fuel cycle developments, including new fuels and final disposal of radwaste. The full partnership agreement is expected in September. EdF appears to have the leading role in this, and particularly in export efforts. CPN told Areva to spin off its uranium mining into a subsidiary company "as a preliminary step to study strategic and financial scenarios to ensure its development."
The CPN also called on Areva, EdF, GdF-Suez and "other stakeholders" to strengthen their collaboration on the Atmea1 power reactor. This is a medium-sized (1100 MWe) Generation III design being developed under a 2006 joint venture by Areva NP and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The reactor is intended for marketing primarily to countries embarking upon nuclear power programs, although CPN says that construction of an initial Atmea1 in France, as proposed by GdF Suez, will be considered. In addition, the Ministry of Energy will lead a working group to look into the technical, legal and economic aspects of small (100-300 MWe) reactor designs.
The first meeting of the French nuclear industry strategy committee which the CPN ordered to be set up was in July 2011, chaired by the industry minister. Its steering committee under EdF's CEO will set up three working groups to examine the nuclear industry's performance, competence and training, and export markets.
With the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) coordinating national policy, CPN told it to negotiate with Chinese authorities to establish a comprehensive partnership between the two countries on all aspects of the civil nuclear power sector, including safety. This could include development of a new 1000 MWe Generation III reactor with China, probably with China Guangdong Nuclear Power group (CGNPC) and based on the successful CPR-1000 in which Areva retains some intellectual property rights. CGNPC refers to this as Generation II+, and has said that it is on a development trajectory with the design which will eliminate those rights by 2013 and make it exportable Generation III standard. The French nuclear safety authority (ASN) is adamant that there should be no French involvement with any nuclear power project using a reactor design that is not licensable in France. (EdF's China involvement is in holding 30% of the Guangdong Taishan Nuclear Power Joint Venture Company Limited - TNPC, which is building the twin EPR
Recent energy policy
In 1999 a parliamentary debate reaffirmed three main planks of French energy policy: security of supply (France imports more than half its energy), respect for the environment (especially re greenhouse gases) and proper attention to radioactive waste management. It was noted that natural gas had no economic advantage over nuclear for base-load power, and its prices were very volatile. Despite "intense efforts" there was no way renewables and energy conservation measures could replace nuclear energy in the foreseeable future.Early in 2003 France's first national energy debate was announced, in response to a "strong demand from the French people", 70% of whom had identified themselves as being poorly informed on energy questions. A poll had shown that 67% of people thought that environmental protection was the single most important energy policy goal. However, 58% thought that nuclear power caused climate change while only 46% thought that coal burning did so. The debate was to prepare the way for defining the energy mix for the next 30 years in the context of sustainable development at a European and at a global level.
In 2005 a law established guidelines for energy policy and security. The role of nuclear power is central to this, along with specific decisions concerning the European Pressurised Water Reactor (EPR), notably to build an initial unit so as to be able to decide by 2015 on building a series of about 40 of them. It also set out research policy for developing innovative energy technologies consistent with reducing carbon dioxide emissions and it defined the role of renewable energies in the production of electricity, in thermal uses and transport.
Early in 2008 a Presidential decree established a top-level Nuclear Policy Council (Conseil Politique Nucleaire - CPN), underlining the importance of nuclear technologies to France in terms of economic strength, notably power supply. It is chaired by the President and includes prime minister as well as cabinet secretaries in charge of energy, foreign affairs, economy, industry, foreign trade, research and finance. The head of the Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), the secretary general of national defence and the military chief of staff are on the council.
In February 2011 the CPN addressed the rivalry between Areva (over 90% government-owned) and Electricité de France (EdF, 85% government-owned). This is presumed to have been a factor in losing an important Middle Eastern nuclear power plant contract 14 months earlier. Areva is the world's largest nuclear company, EdF is the largest nuclear electric utility, and set to build new Areva EPR plants in France, UK, China and possibly USA.
The Council directed Areva and EdF to put in place a technical and commercial agreement by mid-year for a strategic partnership to improve the design for the European Pressurized Reactor (EPR) and work together more closely on several fronts domestically. This agreement was signed in July 2011, covering optimization of Areva's 1,650-MW EPR design that EdF is building at Flamanville-3, improving maintenance and operation of EdF's reactor fleet, and nuclear fuel cycle developments, including new fuels and final disposal of radwaste. The full partnership agreement is expected in September. EdF appears to have the leading role in this, and particularly in export efforts. CPN told Areva to spin off its uranium mining into a subsidiary company "as a preliminary step to study strategic and financial scenarios to ensure its development."
The CPN also called on Areva, EdF, GdF-Suez and "other stakeholders" to strengthen their collaboration on the Atmea1 power reactor. This is a medium-sized (1100 MWe) Generation III design being developed under a 2006 joint venture by Areva NP and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The reactor is intended for marketing primarily to countries embarking upon nuclear power programs, although CPN says that construction of an initial Atmea1 in France, as proposed by GdF Suez, will be considered. In addition, the Ministry of Energy will lead a working group to look into the technical, legal and economic aspects of small (100-300 MWe) reactor designs.
The first meeting of the French nuclear industry strategy committee which the CPN ordered to be set up was in July 2011, chaired by the industry minister. Its steering committee under EdF's CEO will set up three working groups to examine the nuclear industry's performance, competence and training, and export markets.
With the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) coordinating national policy, CPN told it to negotiate with Chinese authorities to establish a comprehensive partnership between the two countries on all aspects of the civil nuclear power sector, including safety. This could include development of a new 1000 MWe Generation III reactor with China, probably with China Guangdong Nuclear Power group (CGNPC) and based on the successful CPR-1000 in which Areva retains some intellectual property rights. CGNPC refers to this as Generation II+, and has said that it is on a development trajectory with the design which will eliminate those rights by 2013 and make it exportable Generation III standard. The French nuclear safety authority (ASN) is adamant that there should be no French involvement with any nuclear power project using a reactor design that is not licensable in France. (EdF's China involvement is in holding 30% of the Guangdong Taishan Nuclear Power Joint Venture Company Limited - TNPC, which is building the twin EPR
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