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review. Most started up late 1970s to early 1980s, and they are reviewed together in a process that takes four months at each unit. A review of the 1300 MWe class followed and in October 2006 the regulatory authority cleared all 20 units for an extra ten years' operation conditional upon minor modifications at their 20-year outages over 2005-14. The 3rd ten-year inspections of the 900 MWe series began in 2009 and run to 2020. The 3rd ten-year inspections of the 1300 MWe series run from 2015 to 2024.
In July 2009 the Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) approved EdF's safety case for 40-year operation of the 900 MWe units, based on generic assessment of the 34 reactors. Each individual unit will now be subject to inspection during their 30-year outage, starting with Tricastin-1. In December 2010 ASN extended its licence by ten years, to 2020. In July 2011 ASN approved a ten-year licence extension for Fessenheim 1, the oldest operating reactor (1977 start-up), subject to making its 1.5 m thick basemat more robust and resistant to possible corium assault (possibly doubling its thickness), as well provision for fuel decay heat removal in the event of losing the external heat exchanger. EdF will consider the cost-benefit situation following the outcome of EU stress tests later in the year.
In July 2010 EdF said that it was assessing the prospect of 60-year lifetimes for all its existing reactors. This would involve replacement of all steam generators (3 in each 900 MWe reactor, 4 in each 1300 MWe unit) and other refurbishment, costing EUR 400-600 million per unit to take them beyond 40 years. EdF is currently replacing steam generators at two units per year, and plans to increase this to three units in 2016.
Uprates: In the light of operating experience, EdF uprated its four Chooz and Civaux N4 reactors from 1455 to 1500 MWe each in 2003. Over 2008-10 EdF plans to uprate five of its 900 MWe reactors by 3%. Then in 2007 EdF announced that the twenty 1300 MWe reactors would be uprated some 7% from 2015, within existing licence limits, and adding about 15 TWh/yr to output.
France has exported its PWR reactor technology to Belgium, South Africa, South Korea and China. There are two 900 MWe French reactors operating at Koeberg, near Capetown in South Africa, two at Ulchin in South Korea and four at Daya Bay and Lingao in China, near Hong Kong.
review. Most started up late 1970s to early 1980s, and they are reviewed together in a process that takes four months at each unit. A review of the 1300 MWe class followed and in October 2006 the regulatory authority cleared all 20 units for an extra ten years' operation conditional upon minor modifications at their 20-year outages over 2005-14. The 3rd ten-year inspections of the 900 MWe series began in 2009 and run to 2020. The 3rd ten-year inspections of the 1300 MWe series run from 2015 to 2024.
In July 2009 the Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) approved EdF's safety case for 40-year operation of the 900 MWe units, based on generic assessment of the 34 reactors. Each individual unit will now be subject to inspection during their 30-year outage, starting with Tricastin-1. In December 2010 ASN extended its licence by ten years, to 2020. In July 2011 ASN approved a ten-year licence extension for Fessenheim 1, the oldest operating reactor (1977 start-up), subject to making its 1.5 m thick basemat more robust and resistant to possible corium assault (possibly doubling its thickness), as well provision for fuel decay heat removal in the event of losing the external heat exchanger. EdF will consider the cost-benefit situation following the outcome of EU stress tests later in the year.
In July 2010 EdF said that it was assessing the prospect of 60-year lifetimes for all its existing reactors. This would involve replacement of all steam generators (3 in each 900 MWe reactor, 4 in each 1300 MWe unit) and other refurbishment, costing EUR 400-600 million per unit to take them beyond 40 years. EdF is currently replacing steam generators at two units per year, and plans to increase this to three units in 2016.
Uprates: In the light of operating experience, EdF uprated its four Chooz and Civaux N4 reactors from 1455 to 1500 MWe each in 2003. Over 2008-10 EdF plans to uprate five of its 900 MWe reactors by 3%. Then in 2007 EdF announced that the twenty 1300 MWe reactors would be uprated some 7% from 2015, within existing licence limits, and adding about 15 TWh/yr to output.
France has exported its PWR reactor technology to Belgium, South Africa, South Korea and China. There are two 900 MWe French reactors operating at Koeberg, near Capetown in South Africa, two at Ulchin in South Korea and four at Daya Bay and Lingao in China, near Hong Kong.
French nuclear power reactors
| Class | Reactor | MWe net, each | Commercial operation |
| 900 MWe | Blayais 1-4 | 910 | 12/81, 2/83, 11/83, 10/83 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bugey 2-3 | 910 | 3/79, 3/79 | |
| Bugey 4-5 | 880 | 7/79-1/80 | |
| Chinon B 1-4 | 905 | 2/84, 8/84, 3/87, 4/88 | |
| Cruas 1-4 | 915 | 4/84, 4/85, 9/84, 2/85 | |
| Dampierre 1-4 | 890 | 9/80, 2/81, 5/81, 11/81 | |
| Fessenheim 1-2 | 880 | 12/77, 3/78 | |
| Gravelines B 1-4 | 910 | 11/80, 12/80, 6/81, 10/81 | |
| Gravelines C 5-6 | 910 | 1/85, 10/85 | |
| Saint-Laurent B 1-2 | 915 | 8/83, 8/83 | |
| Tricastin 1-4 | 915 | 12/80, 12/80, 5/81, 11/81 | |
| 1300 MWe | Belleville 1 & 2 | 1310 | 6/88, 1/89 |
| Cattenom 1-4 | 1300 | 4/87, 2/88, 2/91, 1/92 | |
| Flamanville 1-2 | 1330 | 12/86, 3/87 | |
| Golfech 1-2 | 1310 | 2/91, 3/94 | |
| Nogent s/Seine 1-2 | 1310 | 2/88, 5/89 |
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